chapter12_ltbg


 * __[[image:CH8_PIC_1.JPG align="right" caption="a white solute dissolved in a clear liquid"]] Ch 12- Soulutions __**

**__Soulution-__ a homogeneous mixture where all components are in a single phase.** **-Gases(ex.atmosphere=CO2, N2, O2)** **-Liquids(ex.saltwater) Aquesous> dissolved in water** **-Soloids(ex.14 karot gold, brass) > Alloy**

//**Particle Size <1nanometer they will not seperate on their own**// //**(1nm=1x10^ -9m)**//

Suspension Colloids **-larger particle size -medium particle size** **-great then 1,000 nanometers -will not seperate on their own** **-will seperate - Tyndall effect** ***scatters light***

PARTS OF SOLUTIONS MOLARITY
 * __Solute__--->is the part of the solution being dissolved (changes phase) **
 * __Solvent__---> the part of the solution that is doing the dissolving (retains phase) **
 * ex. H2O--Aqueaos Solution **
 * Alcohol--Tincture **
 * Mercury--Amalgom **
 * M = # of moles of solute / L of a solution **

MOLALITY
 * //m// = # of moles of solute / # of Kg of solvent **

SOLUBILITY EQUATIONS
 * - this shows what happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water. **
 * Ex. NaCL(s) > Na(aq) + CL(aq) **


 * __Solubility__- the maximum amount of th solute that can be dissolved in a given quantitiy of a solvent **


 * __Saturated Solution__- soultion where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved **


 * __Unsaturated Solution__- solution that is not holding it's maximum amount of solute **


 * __Supersaturated Solution__- a solution holding more solute then is possible **

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY OF A GAS IN A LIQUID
 * 1) Pressure--> increase pressure, keeps gases dissolved(Henery's Law) **
 * 2) Temperature--> increase temperature, makes gases less soluble **

SOLUTION MIXING - this is used when trying to make a diluted solution - Molarity1 X Volume1 = Molarity2 x Volume2**